Throughout literature characters have faced oppression in...

Throughout literature characters have faced oppression in many forms including racism and sexism. Twentieth century authors have successfully captured both hardships endured and the triumphs realized. Nelson Mandela once said â€Å"No one is born hating another person because of the color of his skin, or his background, or his religion. People must learn to hate, and if they can learn to hate, they can be taught to love, for love comes more naturally to the human heart than its opposite.† Mandela professes that humans are not born to hate someone of a different color or to treat them differently. They are taught that people can survive, even flourish in the face of such adversity. The Younger family in the play A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine†¦show more content†¦After the sudden gain of money, he will improve both socially and economically; others who had shunned him will now look up to him. Walter was raised as free and not judged by others. He did not have to deal with the problems of poverty and prejudice that came to find him as an adult. â€Å"Oh- so now its life. Once upon a time freedom used to be life – now its money. I guess the world really do change† (Hansberry 148). Walter truly believed in himself and his upcoming business. Now, since he is the man of the house, Walter is expected to pay all of the bills and provide for his entire family, but Walter cannot afford to do such things. When Walter was younger he did not realize how difficult his life would be because he was of color. Walter Lee Younger was a stubborn and selfish person. The only time Walter seems to get excited in the play is when theres talk of the $10,000 life insurance check that Walter will soon receive in the mail from his father’s death. His desire to buy the liquor store had outweighed the dreams of his family. Walter plans to use the money to invest in a liquor store with his friend, Willy Harris. He sees this investment as an opportunit y to be his own boss and to finally provide for his family the way he feels he should. His family tries to warn Walter about the dangers ofShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesendings that accord with major shifts in political and socioeconomic circumstances and dynamics rather than standard but arbitrary chronological break points. In the decades that followed the Great War, the victorious European powers appeared to have restored, even expanded, their global political and economic preeminence only to see it eclipsed by the emergence of the Soviet and U.S. superpowers on their periphery and a second round of even more devastating global conflict. The bifurcated international

‘Human Resource Management Is Critical to the Effective...

‘Human Resource Management is critical to the effective management of organisations’ Human resources are without a doubt the most important asset of any organisation and a resource which needs to be managed, but as Mullins (p.749) states, it is important to remember that unlike physical resources, people are not owned by the organisation. Human resource management is known to be one of the key management areas and is an essential part of every organisation. Certo defines management as the process of reaching organisational goals by working with and through people and other organisational resources. Human resource management is usually defined in broad but very common terms. A definition by Fisher et al. states ‘Human resource management†¦show more content†¦It includes short term planning, clarifying objectives of jobs and also monitoring operations and performance. 2. People related activities: These are the management efforts aimed at managing people in organisations. 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Strategic Public Relations Management

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Public Relations Management. Answer: Introduction Public relation refers to the process of maintaining a cordial and healthy relation between the organization and all the people or public related to the organization (Grunig 2013). There are various ways to maintain the public relation of an organization. The first and foremost criteria of public relation are the free flow of true information among the organization and the public. In this regard, information refers to that which is necessary for both the organization and the public. On the other hand, public relation can be obtained by satisfying the various needs of the customers. However, there are other ways to maintain the public relation for an organization. It is necessary to formulate some public relation strategies in order to create a good relation with the customers and publics (Cutlip 2013). In this regard, it is also necessary to have some public relation tactics along with the strategies to achieve the public relation goal of the organization. This study is about the dev elopment of the public relation programs for Sunshine Cafe. Sunshine cafe is a small caf operating in Australia. In this study, the target audience of the company is explained in details. Market Research Sunshine is a cafe operating in a small area of Brisbane, Australia. As per the given situation, Sunshine Cafe is taking strong initiatives in order to develop a strong public relation. Some market research is needed to develop and implement public relation strategies and tactics. In this regard, market research can be done in various aspects like to research the background of the business; to conduct a research on the community and people of the community in which the company is operating; to conduct research on the buying pattern of the people of the community and many others (Zikmund et al.2013). Some of the major above discussed aspects are evaluated below in order to make the public relation strategy of Sunshine Cafe. The two main goal of Sunshine Cafe in public relation are to create a good relation with the customers of the organization and to gain a good image of the organization by satisfying the needs of the customers of the organization (Olasky 2013). As per the market research, it has been seen that there is a high demand of cafes in the regions of Brisbane. The presence of a numerous number of schools, colleges, corporate offices leads to the high demand of cafe related foods like coffee, tea, various kinds of smacks, light foods and other. Along with the good foods, it has been observed in the market research that along with the foods, they like to have background music, free internet connection so that they can gain access to social media. Apart from the educational and business institutes, the research says that the common people of the local community have a great taste for the caf related products. It has been seen that they use to visit the local cafes on a regular basis. Hence, as p er the conducted market research, it can be concluded that there is a fair scope for Sunshine Caf to have a good business in that community. Thus, it is necessary for Sunshine Caf to formulate some effective as well as efficient public relation strategies to retain their spot in the highly competitive market. Objectives Based on the above market research, Sunshine Caf has set up some of the major objectives of their public relation campaign that will provide them the necessary direction to achieve the ultimate objective of the organization. The objectives are discussed below: To Build Product Awareness: The first objective is to use the various elements of the public relation campaign in order to build awareness about the caf and the various products of the caf. The public relation campaign will help to generate the attention and awareness of the people of the community with the help of media placements and special events (Hendrix, Hayes and Kumar 2012). To Provide Information: The second objective is to use public relation campaigns to provide the customers with more valuable information about the various products and services of the caf. This can be done with the help of various kinds of articles, collateral materials, websites, newsletters and many others (Black 2013). To Simulate Demand: The third objective is to increase the demand of the products and services of Sunshine Caf. This can be done with the help of positive and attractive articles in the newspaper, television and others (Heath 2013). To Reinforce the Brand: The fourth objective is to reinforce the brand image of Sunshine Caf with the help of the public relation campaigns of the company. It is important for the companies to create a good brand image in order to stay in the competition. All these are the objectives set up by the Sunshine Caf in order to promote the procedures of public relation (Jefkins 2016). Target Audience As discussed above, Sunshine Caf is operating in the region of Brisbane, Australia. Different aspects need to be considered at the time of formulating the strategies of public relation. One of those aspects is the description of the target audience of Sunshine Caf. Target audience refers to the potential customers of the company. In the case of Sunshine Caf, the target audience of the caf can be divided into two parts (Spiess et al. 2014). They are demographic segmentation of the target audience and psychographic segmentation of the target audience. Both these aspects of target audience of Sunshine Caf are discussed below: Demographic Segmentation Demographic segmentation of the target audience refers to the process of identification of the target customers based on certain aspects like age, gender, traits, marital status, income education and others. In case of Sunshine Caf, all these above aspects play an important role in the identification of the target audience. It has been said earlier that the area in which Sunshine Caf is operating is full of school, colleges, corporate offices and business institutions. Due to the presence of school colleges, there are many potential customers between the age group of 15 to 25 as there are both school goers and college goers (Wedel and Kamakura 2012). On the other hand, due to the existence of a lot of corporate offices and business institutions, people in the age group of 25 to 60 years can be seen here. Considering the gender of the customers, both men and women are the potential customers of the caf. With the existence of educational institutes and business organization, people fro m both income group and non-income group are the potential customers of the caf. In addition, the people from the local community have a great taste for the products and services. The people of the local community consists of both men and women; income and non-income group and many other. This is the demographic segmentation of the target audience of the customers of Sunshine Caf (Sharma and Lambert 2013). Psychographic Segmentation Psychographic segmentation of the target audience refers to identify the target customers of the organization based on some aspects like attitudes, values, lifestyles and others (Mishra 2016). The potential customers of Sunshine Caf include customers from different lifestyles. The lifestyle of the school or college goers is different from the lifestyle of corporate people and businesspersons as income is the main differentiator here. There are customers from different values; as the values of the middle class people of the community may not be same with the values of the top-level businesspersons in that area. On the other hand, people from different attitudes are the potential customers of the caf as the attitudes of the students are not same as the attitudes of the businessperson or the professional persons. These are the target audience of Sunshine Caf based on both demographic and psychographic segmentation. It is important to take into consideration of all these target audiences , as they are the main part of the public relation program of the company. Strategies Based on the target market, the public relation strategies of Sunshine Caf are discussed below: Collaboration with Influencers: Many aspects help to influence the public relation campaign of an organization. They are words of mouth, press coverage, endorsements and others. In this regard, the strategy will be to make collaboration with these influential factors so that public relation can be retained. This will help to cover all the target audience of the caf (Smith 2012). Communication of the WHY: in the era of technological evolution, the customers evaluate all the companies and their products. Now a day, the customers like to check the products before purchase decision. Thus, the strategy will be to publish the Why behind the company so that the caf can be appealing to the target audience (Austin and Pinkleton 2015). Creation of Content, Not Advertisements: The next strategy will be to create advertisements that have a solid content to attract the target audience. It is needed that Sunshine Caf become more intelligent and customize with the content of their advertisements. Traditional Press Release: The last but not the least strategy is to give importance to the traditional press releases like commuter paper, newspapers, trade journals, various broadcast shows and others, as they are still able to attract the attention of the target customers of the caf. Tactics Tactics refer to the processes or steps that help to complete strategies of the organization. It is needed for Sunshine Cafe in order to make the business popular. Some of the major tactics regarding the strategies of Sunshine caf are discussed below: As per the first strategy of Sunshine Caf, it is needed to collaborate with the influencers. In this regard, various kinds of press releases, which contain the information of about the products and services of the company, need to be released so that they can get to the target market of the company. On the other hand, various kinds of visual aids about the cafe can be released so that they can rotate by the mouth of the persons. As per the second strategy of Sunshine Caf, the company can apply a tactic by stating the purpose of the organization in the official website of the company. This process will give the target audience the necessary information of the caf like the quality of the foods and services of the cafe; value of the different products and services of the caf and many others (Meng and Berger 2013). The next tactic is to create the type of advertisement that exclusively focuses on the content of it. It implies that the Sunshine Caf not only give emphasis on the selling proposition in the advertisements, but also give emphasis on the content of the advertisement by cresting effective advertisement campaigns. The last tactic is to give emphasis on the traditional means of press releases like the local newspaper, trade journal and many others. These tactics will help the organization reach to the target audience of Sunshine Caf (Gregory 2015). Timetable Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Market Research Setting Up the Objectives Target Audience Analysis Development of Strategies Development of Tactics Preparation of Budget Budget Particulars Amount ($) Market Research Expense Website Designing and Development Expense Social Media Expenses Video and Photography Expense Remunerations of Managers Salaries of Staffs 200000 25000 15000 10000 150000 100000 Total 500000 Conclusion As per the above study, it can be observed that public relation is an important aspect in the success of an organization. This study says that there are some specific processes in the public relation process. The first important step is the market research to understand the need of public relation strategies. Setting up of the objectives is the nest step as it gives the necessary direction to the organization. After that, the evaluation of the target customers is needed. The next two processes are the development and implementation of the public relation strategies and tactics. Hence, from the above study it can be recommended that the organizations need to follow these above steps at the time of developing the public relation campaigns for the business. References Austin, E.W. and Pinkleton, B.E., 2015.Strategic Public Relations Management: Planning and Managing Effective Communication Campaigns(Vol. 10). Routledge. Black, S., 2013.Practice of Public Relations. Routledge. Cutlip, S.M., 2013.The unseen power: Public relations: A history. Routledge. Gregory, A., 2015.Planning and managing public relations campaigns: A strategic approach. Kogan Page Publishers. Grunig, J.E., 2013.Excellence in public relations and communication management. Routledge. Heath, R.L. ed., 2013.Encyclopedia of public relations. Sage Publications. Hendrix, J.A., Hayes, D.C. and Kumar, P.D., 2012.Public relations cases. Cengage Learning. Jefkins, F., 2016.Public Relations: Made Simple. Elsevier. Meng, J. and Berger, B., 2013. An integrated model of excellent leadership in public relations: Dimensions, measurement, and validation.Journal of Public Relations Research,25(2), pp.141-167. Mishra, A., 2016. Psychographic segmentation. Olasky, M.N., 2013.Corporate public relations: A new historical perspective. Routledge. Sharma, A. and Lambert, D.M., 2013. Segmentation of markets based on customer service.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management. Smith, R.D., 2012.Strategic planning for public relations. Routledge. Spiess, J., T'Joens, Y., Dragnea, R., Spencer, P. and Philippart, L., 2014. Using big data to improve customer experience and business performance.Bell Labs Technical Journal,18(4), pp.3-17. Wedel, M. and Kamakura, W.A., 2012.Market segmentation: Conceptual and methodological foundations(Vol. 8). Springer Science Business Media. Zikmund, W.G., Babin, B.J., Carr, J.C. and Griffin, M., 2013.Business research methods. Cengage Learning. Strategic Public Relations Management Question: Discuss about the Strategic Public Relations Management. Answer: Introduction This paper particularly deals with business communication issue. In business effective spoken communication is required to clearly express own ideas and views. In business it is essential to speak confidently and concisely when dealing with the clients and the audience. Since, I want to build my career in business sector I want to analyse my own communication style using 5 diagnostic tools related to communication including Communications Style Questionnaire, Johari Window, Communication Satisfaction questionnaire, Interpersonal communication inventory and Assertiveness Questionnaires. Diagnostic and reflection Johari Window Johari Window was developed by Luft and Harry Ingham in 1955 (Watson Hill, 2015). This model is useful for improving self awareness. This is the tool for improving communications and interpersonal relationships. It is also known as disclosure/feedback model of self awareness. The Johari window reflects information such as attitudes, feelings, and skills about a person with respects to four aspects and in respect to a group. The model is comprised of four regions. Firstly, open area resembles what a person knows about himself/herself which is also perceived by others. Secondly, the blind area reflects what is known to others about a person but is not known to him/herself. Thirdly, the hidden area reflects what is known to a person about himself but is not known to others around the person. Fourthly, the unknown area represents what is unknown both to the person as well as others. The four areas are represented as a window with four panes in the figure below. (Source: johari window model, 2017) I have assessed myself using this model. As I am an old member of my class team the open area is large because whatever I know about myself is also know to my team mates. I could expand this area by receiving feedback from my friends and disclosure. At the same time has reduced my blind area, hidden and unknown areas. The assessment indicated that when establishing a business team my prime focus would be to promote open area for every person. I have realised that fearing judgement and vulnerability would have pushed me into the hidden areas. Soliciting feedback and serious disclosure leads to self-actualisation (Bahadori, Shiri Mahdizade, 2015). Communications Style Questionnaire This questionnaire is designed to help an individual in discovering the preferred communication style. Over the years, I may have developed communication habits which I might not have been aware of; therefore, I am using this questionnaire to know the experiences which suits my communication style. I have answered a questionnaire that consumed 10-15 minutes. The questionnaire consisted of 80 questions (Austin Pinkleton, 2015). For each question if I agree more than I disagree with a statement then I have to put a tick in the boss and if I disagree more than I agree with a statement than I have to put a across. Some of the questions are given below in the figure. (Source: Communication Styles Questionnaire, 2017) The scoring of the questionnaire involves threes steps. First step is to indicate the questions answered from the questionnaires on the scoring sheet by making a circle as shown below in the diagram. This is followed by adding all the circles in each column. Points are added for statements that I have ticked and no pints are added for those crossed. The four column represents Activist, Reflector, Theorist and Pragmist (Gungor et al., 2013). (Source: Communication Styles Questionnaire, 2017) The second step involves calculating the total scores for each column, the scores are joined together and the description for each of them is reviewed as shown below. The third step involves analysing the communication style. (Source: Communication Styles Questionnaire, 2017) From the assessment I have found that I have scored poor in Reflector. According to Saxena, (2015) reflectors can observe experiences from different perspectives. They thoroughly collect and analyse data about events and hence postpone reaching definitive conclusions. Before making judgment they listen to others. Thus, I have to work hard to enhance this attribute. I have also not scored well on the column of Activist. It means I am not the one to take the initiative and then consider the consequences. The assessment has helped me in understanding my own communication strength. It encouraged me to develop my full potential. I have realised that I need to become more gregarious and tackle problem by brainstorming. Assertive questionnaire This questionnaire is developed to identify If I am assertive or not. It is the capability to communicate with others in a clear and direct manner. The questionnaire is similar to that of the communication style assessment. The five levels to answer each of the questionnaire are 1 = disagree strongly, 2 = disagree somewhat, 3 = agree somewhat, 4 = agree strongly. I have to read each statement and answer the best that typifies my behaviour. The behaviour can be classified into three types that is Aggressive, passive, and assertive (assertive questionnaire, 2017). I have scored moderate on the assertive ability. Tis skill is highly essential to end a discussion in a win-win manner. My highest score was inclined towards aggressive attitude. Though I am expressing my needs the flaw includes putting others need above my own. People may give the impression of low confidence and I may not be able to create a good impression in the first attempt in an interview or dealings. Therefore, I need to overcome this communication barrier. Communication Satisfaction questionnaire The satisfaction questionnaire was developed in 1977 by Downs and Hazen. This model is used to assess communication skills in the job sector. Using various attributes of communication the employees are assessed for their job satisfaction level. The model consists of three tables. In each column an individual has to rank their communication satisfaction items on a scale of 0-10 (lowest to highest). After completing the table 1 participant has to fill up table 2 that is related to factors affecting the job performance followed by table 3 that includes demographics of the participants (Prat et al., 2014). As per the results obtained, I scored moderate on the ability to give feedback. As per the assessment and as told by my friends I should be more effective while giving feedback which should be honest but not mean. Interpersonal communication inventory This tool was developed to measure the results of interpersonal communication of an individual. The characteristics assessed using this tool active listening, self concept, ability to express own feelings and thoughts and ability to cope up with emotions and willingness to disclose about self to others (deVies et al., 2013). The questionnaire includes 40 questions to be answered in yes or no. It is effective in identifying the strength and weakness of own communication skills. I have scored well in all aspects but was poor in active listening. Even my friends complain that I do interrupt a lot while giving and tacking feedbacks. I need to overcome this habit as people may neglect me for my impatient. It may happen so that in future, my colleagues, subordinates or clients will not take my suggestions on a good note. Based on the overall evaluation the two key communications issues that I need to develop are actively listening and assertive attitude. I have experienced two incidences in last 12 months that were not in my favour. These incidences also provide an evidence of the above communication issues. I was late for the first semester examination last year. The invigilator in the class room was yelling at me for being late. I was impatient and argued with him as felt humiliated in front of my classmates. I however, repented later for my behaviour because I should have been more rationale. Another incident was when I could not present the ideas of my research proposal in the second semester. My presentation was not upto the mark. Other members of my class were not paying attention to my ideas. Later they told that it was too clumsy and was not supposed to give aggressive responses when cross questioned by the professor. I was ignorant of my friends feedback initially but the assessment of the c ommunication skills confirmed that I need to enhance my listening skills and overcome aggressive attitude. Literature review In workplace effective communication skills are essential to build or manage a team. Effective communication skills help in building trustworthy relationship with the clients and the surrounding people. Better the communication better the coordination among the team members and higher the performance and productivity. Giving correct feedback is possible only when the managers actively listen to the concerns and issues raised by the workforce (Hibbert, 2013). This attribute of the mangers help the employees to share their views and ideas confidently as they feel valued and respected. Consequently, it increases the dedication of the worker. In this literature review a particular focus will be laid on poor listening and aggressive attitude. According to Erozkan, (2013) active listening is an important component of the communication process. Listening is more valued then speaking. McCroskey, (2015) suggested that more emphasis should be laid on the subject of listening particularly the businessman and students. Listening is the primary direct communication form in the direct type of business communication. The quantitative study by Bodie et al. (2015) showed that the managers in every organisation intensely focus on developing listening skills. Lack of listening skills in the contemporary organisations is considered to be major communication problem. A survey was conducted including 106 managers and the results showed that the lack of listening skills in their organisation due to poor training development activities led to ineffective performance and low productivity (Alberts et al., 2015). Employees who are demotivated do not practice good listening skills. It is due to lack of openness and ineffective listening practic es that organisations develop dysfunctional communication climate (Funder, 2015). Shantz et al. (2013) highlighted that the listening skills are correlated with success at work among other communication abilities. Interpretive listening is strongly associated with general intelligence. Despite the immense importance of the listening skills, the communication researchers have placed little importance to this form of communication. To increase the knowledge of organisational communication it is necessary to understand the role of listening and its relevance to the individual and organisational outcomes. According to Jahromi et al.(2016) the strategies to build effective listening skills are maintaing eye contact with the speaker, pay attention, stay relax, maintain openness in conversation, should never impose solution and interrupt the speaker. The listener must pay attention to each word of the speaker and try to picture what is being said. Aggressive communication style is not effective for organisational productivity. According to Beebe and Masterson, (2014) people with aggressive attitude are often poor listeners, close-minded, tend to monopolise conversations. Mangers with this attitude failed to see others point of view. Such people are rigid in posture, have loud tone of voice, and have critical facial expressions. Students who are aggressive fail to build trustworthy relationship with peers (Zhao, Pandian Singh, 2016). Similarly in businesses, this communication style also triggers aggression among employees. Aggressive communication style fails to create harmony in relationships rather it creates tension among employees. In business it may lead to escalation of already tensed situation. The consequences of this style of communication makes the employees feel ignored and disrespected. It will eventually detoriated the organisational performance and productivity. Linvill and Mazer, (2013) highlighted that this style has been found with negative customer relations. In any business customers are the voice of the company. If they are treated well only then it reflected in their attitude when delivering customer services. The study executed by Hasson, (2015) showed that employees perceive managers with aggressive attitude as those with negative characteristics such as tendency to punish people and hence withdraw from conversation. Such employees do not give honest feedback fearing offensive, vengeful, sarcastic, and arrogant response. Avtgis (2016) suggested that in order to overcome aggression self regulation is the best method. Further tools for better emotional management include implementing emotional intelligence to work. Quintanilla and Wahl, (2015) suggested that the disruptive emotions can be minimised by self assessment and visualising happy and calm situations. It was suggested that one should focus on feeling confident while presenting ideas or solutions for ensuring maximum influence. There is a need to practice being assertive and force the body language to mirror that desired emotion. Later one can become an expert of different emotions and reactions. It is necessary to develop peacefulness and other positive attributes. Such people should move from making statements to asking questions and put things in perspective. It is effective for aggressive people to discriminate between the real and perceived danger and learn to make true decision making process. Action plan Action plan for improving listening skills To improve my active listening skills I would enrol myself in the soft skills classes of 6 months duration. During this period I would regularly attend the classes and very weekends I would take feedback from my colleagues. At the end of every month I would conduct self assessment with the questionaries discussed above (Omer Abdularhim, 2017). I would keep a track of the scores to notice the change and improvement. The other step is I would not completely rely on the classroom training. Instead I would meet successful business managers amongst my friends circle to observe and learn the traits. This is in reference to social learning theory (Funder, 2015). Direct observation would accelerate my learning. I would attend more number of conferences, national seminars to assess if my patient level has increased and if I am able to listen for long duration without interrupting. Action plan for overcoming aggression I would invest a period of six months for seeking therapy as this is mostly recommended by my parents. It is considered effective for overcoming negative attitude (Erozkan, 2013). In addition I would join yoga and meditative classes as Shantz et al. (2013) highlighted that it is effective in cultivating positive communication attributes and maintain peacefulness. I would engage myself in community speaking classes to assess if I can deliver my views confidently and openly. I would research for evidence based intervention for giving feedback effectively. I would spent time with my friends to collect their valuable feedback on my assertiveness. At the end of every month I would engage in self assessment using the questionnaires discussed above and online tests (Omer Abdularhim, 2017). I would watch and read interviews of various businessmen to know their emotional management techniques. I would track my changes by collecting feedbacks and reviews from friends, parents, therapist and seniors. I am confident that implementing more than one tactic will definitely help in mastering the communication skills. I will adhere to my plan and implement strictly. Since I am using evidence based interventions I am sure to achieve success in long run and become an effective employee and business man. Conclusion The assignment has provided an opportunity to engage in reflective practice using different diagnostic tools and feedback. It helped me in identifying my communication issues and I am confident to overcome them by implementing the action plan. References Alberts, J. K., Nakayama, T. K., Martin, J. N. (2015).Human communication in society. Pearson. assertive questionnaire. (2017). www.hr4free.com. Retrieved 24 January 2017, from https://www.hr4free.com/PDF_Files/Blog_EN_Management_assertiveness_assessment_questionnaire.pdf Austin, E. W., Pinkleton, B. E. (2015).Strategic Public Relations Management: Planning and Managing Effective Communication Campaigns(Vol. 10). Routledge. Avtgis, T. A. (2016). 11 Instructor Use of Aggressive Communication.Communication and Learning,16, 259. Bahadori, M., Shiri, A., Mahdizade, H. (2015). Ranking Feedback and Disclosure Mechanisms based on Johari Window Model in order to Enhance Organizational Communications. Beebe, S. A., Masterson, J. T. (2014).Communicating in small groups: Principles and practices. Pearson Higher Ed. Bodie, G. D., Vickery, A. J., Cannava, K., Jones, S. M. (2015). The role of active listening in informal helping conversations: Impact on perceptions of listener helpfulness, sensitivity, and supportiveness and discloser emotional improvement.Western Journal of Communication,79(2), 151-173. Brock, S. E., McAliney, P., Ma, C. H., Sen, A. (2017). TOWARD MORE PRACTICAL MEASUREMENT OF TEAMWORK SKILLS.Journal of Workplace Learning,29(2). Brownell, J. (2015).Listening: Attitudes, principles, and skills. Routledge. Communication Styles Questionnaire. (2017). www.tp3.com.au. Retrieved 31 January 2017, from https://www.tp3.com.au/sites/default/files/pd_resources/Communication_Styles_Questionnaire.pdf Cornelissen, J. (2014).Corporate communication: A guide to theory and practice. Sage. de Vries, R. E., Bakker-Pieper, A., Konings, F. E., Schouten, B. (2013). The Communication Styles Inventory (CSI) A Six-Dimensional Behavioral Model of Communication Styles and Its Relation With Personality.Communication Research,40(4), 506-532. Erozkan, A. (2013). The Effect of Communication Skills and Interpersonal Problem Solving Skills on Social Self-Efficacy.Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice,13(2), 739-745. Erozkan, A. (2013). The Effect of Communication Skills and Interpersonal Problem Solving Skills on Social Self-Efficacy.Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice,13(2), 739-745. Funder, D. C. (2015).The Personality Puzzle: Seventh International Student Edition. WW Norton Company. Gungor, V. C., Sahin, D., Kocak, T., Ergut, S., Buccella, C., Cecati, C., Hancke, G. P. (2013). A survey on smart grid potential applications and communication requirements.IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics,9(1), 28-42. Hasson, G. (2015).Brilliant Communication Skills. Pearson UK. Hibbert, S. (2013). Giving effective employee feedback.In Practice,35(3), 149-151. Jahromi, V. K., Tabatabaee, S. S., Abdar, Z. E., Rajabi, M. (2016). Active listening: The key of successful communication in hospital managers.Electronic physician,8(3), 2123. johari window model - helpful for personal awareness and group relationships. (2017). Businessballs.com. Retrieved 31 January 2017, from https://www.businessballs.com/johariwindowmodel.htm Linvill, D. L., Mazer, J. P. (2013). The role of student aggressive communication traits in the perception of instructor ideological bias in the classroom.Communication Education,62(1), 48-60. McCroskey, J. C. (2015).Introduction to rhetorical communication. Routledge. Omer, A. A. A., Abdularhim, M. E. (2017). The criteria of constructive feedback: The feedback that counts.Journal of Health Specialties,5(1), 45. Prat, G., Casas-Anguera, E., Garcia-Franco, M., Escandell, M. J., Martin, J. R., Vilamala, S., ... Ochoa, S. (2014). Validation of the Communication Skills Questionnaire (CSQ) in people with schizophrenia.Psychiatry research,220(1), 646-653. Quintanilla, K. M., Wahl, S. T. (2015).Business and professional communication: keys for workplace excellence. Sage Publications. Saxena, P. (2015). JOHARI WINDOW: An Effective Model for Improving Interpersonal Communication and Managerial Effectiveness.SIT Journal of Management,5(2), 134-146. Shantz, A., Alfes, K., Truss, C., Soane, E. (2013). The role of employee engagement in the relationship between job design and task performance, citizenship and deviant behaviours.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,24(13), 2608-2627. Shantz, A., Alfes, K., Truss, C., Soane, E. (2013). The role of employee engagement in the relationship between job design and task performance, citizenship and deviant behaviours.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,24(13), 2608-2627. Thurlings, M., Vermeulen, M., Bastiaens, T., Stijnen, S. (2013). Understanding feedback: A learning theory perspective.Educational Research Review,9, 1-15. Watson, J., Hill, A. (2015).Dictionary of media and communication studies. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. Zhao, C., Pandian, A., Singh, M. K. M. (2016). Instructional Strategies for Developing Critical Thinking in EFL Classrooms.English Language Teaching,9(10), 14

Oedipus Rex Essays - Oedipus The King, Operas, Sophocles

Oedipus Rex Oedipus Rex a Greek tragedy written by Sophocles in the early days of antiquity is based upon an even more ancient story in Greek mythology. Sophocles, however, knowing that his audience is aware of the outcome of the play utilizes that foreknowledge to create various situations in which dramatic and verbal irony play key roles. However, citing all of the irony in Oedipus Rex would require the writing of quite a hefty book, for time and convenience only a few examples will be cited. Through his use of irony Sophocles manages to avoid simply retelling an old tale, though the audience is cognizant of the story's end they are intrigued by the irony present in the story. For instance when Oedipus pronounces his curse upon the head of King Laius's murderer in the opening scenes of the play : So will I fight on the gods' side, And on the side of the slain man! But my curse be on the one who did this, whether he is alone Or conceals his share in it with others. Let him be free of no misery if he share my house Or sit at my hearth and I have knowledge of it. On myself may it fall, as I have called it down! -Oedipus from Oedipus Rex When Oedipus pronounces this sentence he has already unwittingly judged himself, and to the excitement of the crowd foreshadowed later events to come. This statement, is a classic example of verbal irony. In it Oedipus thinking that he is directing his pronouncement upon some bandit, or conspirator, in all actuality he is truly condemning himself. Further examples of irony include his speech when he first answers the chorus Because of all these things I will fight for him as I would my own murdered father.? The irony inherent in this speech that Oedipus makes to the chorus lies for the most part in this single line, since the murdered King Laius is his father. Sophocles does not reserve his use of irony to verbal irony, but he also ranges into areas of irony dramatic in nature. The entire play could be said to be an example of this, after all throughout the entire play Oedipus is unaware of the fate that awaits him, even though the viewer is intensely aware that Oedipus the King will become Oedipus the Beggar. Sophocles was a pioneer in his field. The plays that he penned, that survived through the eons are revered as much now as they were during his day. He often wrote scripts for events in mythology that had already ?occurred? and were common knowledge to the populace that viewed his productions. In order to keep these audiences returning for more, Sophocles made liberal use of irony. By doing this he tantalized the viewer into wanting to see how the events that occurred later would mentally affect the main character, in this case Oedipus.

Computers and How They Impact Our Lives

Computers and How They Impact Our Lives Have you ever thought about how much computers have been integrated into our lives? Personally speaking there is not a day that goes by that I don't sit down in front of a computer for something. Computers play a large role in the way that businesses are run, the days of type writers and filing cabinets are a thing of the past. We can access information about almost anything on the internet, such as banking records, insurance information, shopping, technical assistance the possibilities are almost limitless.Looking at the history of computers they really haven't been around that long. Frederic Golden writer for Time magazine tells us this on the history of computersIf you look at most history books, they'll tell you ENIAC (for Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was the first true all-purpose electronic computer. Unveiled in 1946 in a blaze of publicity, it was a monstrous 30-ton machine, as big as two semis and filled with enough vacuum tubes (19,000), switches (6,000) and blinking lights to require an army of attendants.IBM Portable Personal Computer :: Retrocomputing o...Capable of adding 5,000 numbers in a second, a then unheard of feat, it could compute the trajectory of an artillery shell well before it landed.This machine was a remarkable achievement for its time but it doses not even begin to compare to the average personal computer that people have in their homes today. In its short 57 year span of history computer technology has increased at an unprecedented rate.Businesses are very dependant on computers, email, printing, data storage, internet access, data analyst are just a few of the thing that people take for granted in everyday business. Email has revolutionized the way we communicate and has become one of the most critical systems in business today. Servers are the back bone of...

How to Write an Accounting Case Study

How to Write an Accounting Case Study How to Write an Accounting Case Study Accounting case studies must be written according to various standard rules and regulations. These are the same guidelines followed by organizations during their accounting process. Accounting case studies are important to a national government in that they enable it to check an organization’s progress in terms of production as well as finance. An accounting case study should be written following procedures specific to one of the major topics in accounting, such as financial accounting and managerial accounting, which is also referred to as cost accounting. To write an accounting case study is quite challenging because it requires a good amount of quality time. Generally, just like other case studies, it follows a specific format. The writer gives detailed background information on the topic of study. This is what is regarded as the introduction. It offers a clear outline of the subject matter while defining the problem at hand together, with the limitations of the study. The writer then provides the problem statement, followed by case data sampling. Next, a conclusion is drawn which is finally followed by recommendations. The first step in the writing of a cost accounting case study includes giving a clear identification of the method to be used, the objective of the problem, and the facts related to the area of cost accounting. This step is crucial in that it helps to better understand the topic of study. For example, the issue of identifying a particular method of approach aids in solving major issues since it involves an analytical approach that facilitates an increased awareness of the topic. Stating the objective of the problem helps in understanding the problem statement. The second step is providing a scope of the project to the readers. The issue of scope entails stating and explaining the objective of the cost accounting case study to the readers, the provision of the organization’s overview and lastly, giving an outline of relevant knowledge together with theories. The third step is to properly focus on the identified issues and their suggested solutions. While identifying all problems, the writer should also offer relevant solutions to the same. The fourth step is providing a high quality conclusion. Generally, it must be clear and precise for a better understanding of the topic at hand. Finally, the writer should provide a list of references used during the development of the case study. At writing company you can enjoy professional Accounting case study help from experts. Just visit our service now!

Organisations and behaviour Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Organisations and behaviour - Assignment Example The paper tells that one of the earliest structures used in organisations is the functional method. In this type, the organisation is divided into sectors or departments; each department has a particular specialism or function. The advantage for this type of structure is that the organisation can achieve effectiveness and success in pursuing its goals with the different departments having their separate functions. These departments or sections can enhance their expertise, while the workers are specialists in their own field.Another important advantage is that there is no duplication of functions. For example, in a car manufacturing plant like that of Toyota, they have different field of specialisation for each department – one works for engine specialisation, another group works for the other components, while another section works on the assembly of the Toyota car. There are disadvantages to this type of structure. The departments can have a narrow specialisation that may hin der the workers’ knowledge of their organisation. Another disadvantage that must be quickly looked into is the possible existence of an inter-departmental rivalry. The key is for the organisation to determine if the rivalry can result into good intentions or attain success for the organisation. There can be slow lines of communication on this type of structure, but a modification can remedy the situation. Information Technology can provide the answer. Toyota Motors Structure: Functional and Geographic Approaches Toyota Motors with its many branches worldwide has carried the traditional method up to this day although there may be some modifications. This company brings up to this day a family tradition of car making and traditional business. It uses the functional structure in the sense that the company is divided into departments, each with its own function and specialty. But it also uses the geographical approach considering that it is now a large organisation. Toyota is our choice organisation because it is a successful international firm that provides independence to its subsidiaries abroad. Its operation uses the geographical based approach while each independent subsidiary has a functional structure. The subsidiaries attain some kind of autonomy but also reports to the main headquarters in Japan. The United States branch of Toyota is under an independent management that allows quick responses whenever local branches and shops need help to solve local problems. It also allows tailoring of operations depending on local culture, such as language, customs, and laws and regulations. (Toyota, 2011) Toyota has been on the forefront of car making because of an effective strategic and operational management coupled with an efficient and competitive workforce. Their strategies involve innovations in production, marketing, sales and promotions, and branding. But to top it all, it has been able to handle knowledge management like it is a part of ordinary business. These strategies are applied to every branch despite their individual independence. In the 1950s Toyota was only a small company, averaging 18,000 vehicles per year. As years passed on, management perfected the so-called Toyota Production System – this is the Japanese way, a means of achieving mass production efficiencies with small volumes. Toyota expanded to become export-oriented and began to open

The document will be a one-page critical summary of the five (5) Essay

The document will be a one-page critical summary of the five (5) handouts - Essay Example In ‘Man vs Machine’ this debated is also considered, visually indicating the specific elements the man and machine disagree on in terms of what is legitimate. This article indicates the specific parts of the art that have been disagreed upon by the art historian and the machine (namely, the original painting of a number of human figures). Ultimately, it’s clear that the technology is in need of further development, and may always fall short of human conceptual ability. In ‘The Van Gogh Project’ this analysis is furthered in terms of wavelet analysis on Van Gogh paintings. While similar to the previous articles, this article is notable for its potential contribution to art history, as it hints that the computer technology may be able to detect stylistic shifts through the artist’s different periods. The next article examined was ‘‘7: Decimel Numeration and the Place Value System.’ This essay examined the historical nature of a number of mathematical elements, most notable the decimal system as an Indian invention. In these regards, it argues that the question is much more complex than simply being related to the development of a decimal system, but a complex process of evolution. Within this spectrum of development a number of cultural influences are demonstrated to be part of decimal system.

Political Dynasty Essay Example for Free

Political Dynasty Essay The Philippine Constitution is a Social Contract which embodies the fundamental principles and policies, according to which the Filipino people are governed by the State. The fundamental principles are abstract and as such they cover every aspect of the life of the Filipino people; while the fundamental policies cover specific areas of application of those principles. The fundamental principles remain fixed and permanent, but the policies built upon those principles can be modified or repealed by legislation to suit the needs of the times. The title is product of my out of the box philosophizing about the provisions of Section 1 and Section 26 taken together of Article II of our Constitution. I must say that philosophizing does not tell us my conclusions and/or thoughts are right or wrong, true or false, but it has certainly given me the basis upon which to present my meta-understanding of Section 1 and Section 26: Article II, Section 1 says: â€Å"The Philippines is a democratic and republican state. Sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates from them. † This is the most basic principle of the Constitution, and it refers to a natural law as formulated and accepted in the mind; it refers also to essential truth upon which other truths are based. Article II, Section 26: â€Å"The State shall guarantee equal access to opportunities for public service, and prohibit political dynasties as may be defined by law. † This is a policy built upon the principle of Section 1, and it refers to a planned line of conduct in the light of which individual decisions on political dynasties are made and coordination is achieved. Moreover, political dynasties refer to the line of politicians of the same families. Every coin has two inseparable opposite sides – the head and the tail yet they complement each other as they are opposed to each other to constitute only one coin. Similarly, the political issue on dynasty has two opposite yet complementary sides (a) â€Å"the principle of political dynasty† of Section 1 and (b) the â€Å"the policy of political dynasty† of Section 26. Both Sections constitute one Article II. The policy of Section 26 names the specific area of application of the principle of Section 1 of the same Article II. The policy of Section 26 is built upon the basic principle of Section 1. Moreover, the fundamental principle of Section 1 remain fixed and permanent, but policies of Section 3 can be are modified or repealed by legislation to suit the needs and demands of the times. The People: The Creators and Masters of Political Dynasties The phrase â€Å"sovereignty resides in the people, and all government authority emanates from them† clearly shows that the people are the habitat of the sovereignty. However, â€Å"people† have two distinct yet mutually complementary meanings, namely, â€Å"people as electorate† which is the source of political power of elected politicians and â€Å"people as corporate nation† which is the reason for being of elected politicians. These â€Å"dual meanings of people† effectively signify that the elected politicians are â€Å"public servants† of the people; hence the people are their â€Å"boss and master† in our democratic and republican state, not the way around By virtue of their sovereign power, the people are superior to any and all existing political dynasties, whose reason for being is service to their masters, the people. On moral grounds, the people must be awakened to the reality that they are the boss of political dynasties, and therefore they have no reason to fear the, before, during, and after political elections. Centrality of Morality in the Constitution The centrality of morality to our Constitution is evident in the Preamble, in the imploration to Almighty God for aid to build a just and humane society and to establish a Government that shall embody the Filipino ideals and aspirations and promote their common good under a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace. The rest of the Constitution revolves around these moral ideals and moral values. These are the moral foundations of the Social Ethics Society. There are socio-economic phenomena in many areas of the country where the life-style and the exercise of political power by political dynasties is betrayal of public trust, because it is not in accord with the following moral imperatives and criteria of right and wrong in public service: â€Å"Public office is a public trust. Public officers and employees must at all times accountable to the people, serve them with utmost responsibility, integrity, loyalty, and efficiency; act with patriotism and justice, and lead modest life†. (Article X on Accountability) Every elected politician in the public service is bound to abide by those mandates. Congress had passed anti-graft and anti-corruption laws, e. g. RA No. 6713, also known as Code of Ethics for Government Officials and Employees, in the public service. However, it appears that many of our elected politicians pay only â€Å"lip service† to anti-Graft and Anti-Corruptions laws. For instance, there are widespread phenomena of bribery and corruption in the public service, reportedly perpetuated by corrupt politician, many of whom are allegedly members of political dynasties. Centrality of Morality to Legality The Preamble provides the moral grounds and the foundation of ethical politics of several Articles of the Constitution. No statutory law is enforceable if it is unconstitutional; and the Constitution cannot be enforced if it is immoral. The bottom line any enabling law on political dynasty is legally binding upon the Filipinos, only if it is constitutional and moral. A law that is moral is always constitutional, but a law that is constitutional is not necessarily moral. A Moral and Ethical Proposal I believe the policy of Section 26 which â€Å"prohibits political dynasties as may be defined by law† has two distinct opposite sides, (1) â€Å"the letter of the Constitution† which is the legalistic side, and (2) the â€Å"spirit of the Constitution† which is the ethical side. The pro-political dynasty advocates and promoters behave in accord with legal politics. Their action is legal so long as there is no law defining and enabling the constitutional prohibition against political dynasties. Therefore, the anti-dynasty advocates and promoters should stand on moral and ethical grounds against political dynasties. It is my proposal on moral and ethical grounds that the anti-dynasty advocates should develop and promote the concept of â€Å"political dynasty of the people† based on the principle of Section 1 face-to-face the â€Å"political dynasties of oligarchs† based on the policy of Section 26 but built upon the principle of Section 1. When there is a conflict between a principle and its policy, the principle should prevail over its policy. Moral, Ethical, and Legal Practices in Politics Moral and ethical are similar in meaning in that they both have to do with the difference between right and wrong. They are dissimilar in meaning in that ethical tends to refer to a code, system, theory, or standard of judging rightness or wrongness of moral behavior; whereas moral tends to refer to more concrete choices and issues that arouse strong feelings. In other words, moral refers to good and evil, while ethical refers to right and wrong. Because of the untruthful disclosure of his SALN per Code of Ethics, former SC Chief Justice Renato Corona was found ethically wanting for which he was impeached, despite his superior legalistic knowledge of law; Hence, we could say that â€Å"what is moral is always ethical, but what is ethical is not necessarily moral. † Hence, when an elected politician acts according to RA 6714, his behavior is ethical as well as legal â€Å"what is ethical is always legal, but what is legal is not necessarily ethical†. The Pursuit of Ethical Politics Our major problem in the pursuit of ethical politics is the lack of political will on the part of the people as electorate. Let us awaken and educate their political consciousness, and empower their political will by making them conscious of their being the political dynasty that is superior over all existing political dynasties of oligarchs† per mandate of Article II, Section 1 that the people are the habitat of sovereign power, but the exercise of such pwer is delegated and vested upon elected politicians. Assume that Congress would never pass the law enabling the policy against political dynasties; let us then resort to the principle of Section 1 in Article II. This principle does not require any enabling law because it is precisely the ultimate basis of all enabling laws. This is the principle why the political candidates try to win the votes of the people during political campaigns. We have indeed laws prescribing the requirements of the policy to vote. The Social Ethics Society can start the movement to marginalize the political dynasties,, if not altogether eliminate them eventually from the political landscape of the Philippine.

Donatello :: Art History

Donatello Donatello (1386-1466), was an Italian Renaissance sculptor, who is generally considered one of the greatest sculptors of all time and the founder of modern sculpture. Donatello was born in Florence, the son of a wool comber. When he was 17 years old, he assisted the noted sculptor Lorenzo Ghiberti in constructing and decorating the famous bronze doors of the baptistery of San Giovanni, Florence. Later, Donatello was also an associate of the noted architect Filippo Brunelleschi, with whom he reputedly visited Rome in order to study the monuments of antiquity. Donatello's career may be divided into three periods. The first and formative period comprised the years before 1425, when his work is marked by the influence of Gothic sculpture but also shows classical and realistic tendencies. Among his sculpture of this period are the statues St. Mark, St. George (Bergello, Florence), John the Evangelist (Opera del Duomo, Florence), and Joshua (campanile of the cathedral, Florence). The second period (1425-43) is generally characterized by a reliance on the models and principles of the sculpture of antiquity. From 1425 to 1435 Donatello worked with the Florentine sculptor and architect Michelozzo on a number of projects, including the monument to Bartolomeo Aragazzi (Cathedral of Montepulciano). In their joint work Michelozzo executed the architectural designs and also helped in the making of the bronze castings; Donatello executed most of the statues. From 1430 to 1433 Donatello spent periods in Rome, where he created a number of works, notably the ciborium in the sacristy of the Basilica of Saint Peter, decorated with the reliefs Worshiping Angels and Burial of Christ. It was in Florence, however, that he created the most noted work of this period-the bronze David (circa 1430-35, Bargello), the first nude statue of the Renaissance. In his third and culminating period, Donatello broke away from classical influence and in his work emphasized realism and the portrayal of character and of dramatic action. Notable examples of his sculpture of this period are Miracles of St. Anthony, Gattamelata, the first bronze equestrian statue since ancient times, and Judith and Holofernes. The sculpture of Donatello influenced that of Florence and northern Italy in the 15th century. It was also a major stimulus on the development of realism in Italian painting, notably in the work of the great Paduan artist Andrea Mantegna. Donatello, who died on December 13, 1466, had many pupils, the most important of whom was Desiderio da Settignano.

4ps of 759 Store

759 Store is one of the famous supermarkets in Hong Kong. Many people love to buy 759 Store’ products because of the lowest prices. Their marketing strategy is â€Å"small profits, quick returns† which mean they sell their products at low price in order to increase the stock turnover rate and earn the profit faster. However, some research shows that the price of the local products in 759 Store are much lower than others competitors and some of other retailer shop owners pointed that 759 Store are underpricing their products intentionally in order to eliminate other competitors.Since 759 Store’ strategy is â€Å"small profits, quick returns†, their products’ price have to be lower than the same products in outside market in order to earn profits form each products. Also, customers never complain on the low price of products and they will appreciate that if the shops can reduce the product price further. 759 Store has provided some discounts on differ ent combination of products in order to attract more customers. This strategy provides a quick return on stocks and rapid cash inflow to 759 Store.Since 759 Store want to extend their market share, they have intention to do the predatory pricing which means to reduce other competitors profits by underpricing, when others competitors can not afford their operating cost and shut down, the price will rise back to original level and the shop can monopolize the whole market. Some research shows that 759 Store’ sales can barely cover the costs of their products which indicate that some of their products’ price are even lower than the cost. They can easily built up the connection of customers and meanwhile they can eliminate the competitors.Many small business or retailers have been closed because they can’t afford their operating cost with declining profits. The owner of 759 Store has decided to expand his business in order to earn larger market share. Although underp ricing will not violate the law, is it ethical to do so? According to AMA code of ethics in marketing, practicing predatory pricing is unethical. It is an anti-competitive measure to protect market share from new or existing competitors which involves temporarily pricing a product low enough to end a competitive threat. 59 Store should have ensured the fairness of their business and don’t engage in predatory pricing. Also AMA code of ethics have mention the openness of a business which means to create transparency in marketing operations. Many owners of small business have contracted 759 Store about their problematic pricing strategy, but 759 Store still insist in selling their products with low prices. This indicate that 759 Store is lack of communication with others and do not accept the criticism form others. According to 4Ps marketing model, the only ethical issue of 759 Store is pricing. 59 Store represents ethically on other 3Ps. For example, they ensure their products are safe, their products and packages have least impacts on the environment. Also, they do not have any deceptive or misleading advertising or bribery in promotion and there are no gray marketing exist. To improve, 759 Store should deal with their pricing problem. First of all, they should stop practicing predatory pricing and the major reason of them to do so is supplier specifically selling their products to 759 Store at low price.Since 759 Store have many branch in Hong Kong, they can perform bulk purchases to the suppliers and ask for the discounts which is impossible for others small retailers to do so. Therefore, I suggest that suppliers should have fixed price to sell their products to all retailers and do not offer any discounts. Any other method the stop the problem is that 759 Store stop selling local products and focus on selling Japanese products since most of the customers are buying Japanese products form 759 Store and it can avoid affecting other competitor because th e problematic pricing is occurred on local products only.If 759 Store can focus on selling Japanese products, they probably can gain larger amount of profits because price of Japanese Yen are declining currently which leads to a lower price of imported Japanese goods. Also, 759 Store should communicate more with the suppliers and accept the criticism form others in order to ensure the openness of the business. Reference: Major Ethical Issues in Marketing: 4 Ps Model. (2004). Retrieved from http://www. powershow. om/view/13014e-NmEyN/Table_Major_Ethical_Issues_in_Marketing_4_Ps_Model_powerpoint_ppt_presentation. AMA Code of Ethics. (2003) (pp. ). Retrieved from http://www. helleniccomserve. com/marketingcodeofethics. html. Abandon the local goods fought Japanese food blaze trail(2008). Retrieved from http://stock. appledaily. com/News/Detail? articleId=15777657&issueId=20111107. How about Japanese Yen?. (2012). Retrieved from http://www. 759store. com/video2. php.

Literary Standards Essay

There are generally considered to be seven standards a piece of literature should abide to in order to be considered ‘literary’. If a piece of writing is considered ‘literary’ this usually suggests that it is a scholarly article or classical writing that is extremely well written and is very informative. Literary writing can be intellectual and contain a lot of cleverly hidden meanings which ensure the writing can be enjoyed and studied on many different levels and often still enjoyed many years after it was written. Many people believe that literature cannot be defined and literary theory should simply be thought of as way of interpreting both texts and events. The seven standards that a piece of literature usually contains to be considered literary are: Permanence An important feature of great literature is that it endures. Classic literature such as Dickens is still enjoyed by readers today, generations after it was originally written and in a completely different world to the one it was intended for. This is extremely important because if a work of literature is not enjoyed 20 years after publication, it will simply be forgotten. Universal appeal This is similar to endurance in the fact that literature must appeal to a range of people across different age groups, nationalities, cultures and beliefs. Artistry The literature should be well written and appeal to our creative sides with beautifully crafted phrases and sentences. Sentences such as these are often memorized and can become famous phrases. Style The writer of literature will usually have a unique view of the world and will put thoughts to us in a way we have never considered. It may be thoughts about the world or it may simply be thoughts about the actual words used. Words may be used in a creative and unusual way that is entertaining and interested. Intellectually valuable Literary work will usually inform us about our past, our present or the world around us. It may not be in the form of facts and figures but it will help us understand our lives and realize truths about humanity and life in general. Literature should mentally stimulate us and enriches our thoughts. Suggestiveness Literature should carry many associations that lead beyond the surface meaning. Underlying suggestions usually carry an enormous amount of emotional power, often because it is not directly mentioned but hinted at through associations that can often be more powerful. The reader is left to establish what the author is suggesting and this captures the reader’s imagination by making think about what they are reading and engaging them into the story. Spiritual Value Great works of literature are often thought to have an underlying moral message that can potentially make us better people. Moral values are often written between the lines and can help us become better people. 1.ARTISTRY – this is a quality which appeals to our sense of beauty. 2.INTELLECTUAL VALUE – a literary work stimulates thought. It enriches our mental life by making us realize fundamental truths about life and human nature. 3.SUGGESTIVENESS – this is the quality associated w/the emotional power of literature. 4.SPIRITUAL VALUE – Literature elevates the spirit by bringing out moral values which make us better persons. 5.PERMANENCE – a great work of literature endures. 6.UNIVERSALITY – great literature is timeless and timely. 7.STYLE – this is the peculiar way in which a writer sees life, forms his ideas and expresses them.

Bill of Rights - Smart Custom Writing Samples

Bill of Rights - Smart Custom Writing Human Resource ManagementIt might sound indisputably to say that the planet we inhabit and all living beings are under the constant process of movement. Still, another true point suggests itself. The movement appears to be quite an ambiguous notion, since it can be represented by either progress or regress. Needless to say, the contemporary world strives for constant development, evolvement and progress. In this tight connection emerges the notion of leadership, the latter in its turn provokes competition. Nowadays world with its immitigable and unforgiving race and pace inevitably induces companies to be involved in the competitive rush. Clearly, to be the first means a lot. In attempts to take dominant position in the marketplace of rivals the companies are forced to resort to complicated strategies and tactics. After all, leadership is undoubtedly worthwhile expending some effort with the intention to overcome obstacles and hindrances on the way. Currently contest participants encounter the difficulties to be tackled. They are facing a trickish problem of competitive challenges, these being the challenge of sustainability, global challenge and technology challenge. With the aim to have a clear idea of how the above mentioned challenge factors matter, let’s scrutinize a company’s inner structure in general. It’s true to claim, each company focuses on success but to make this success feasible it has to attract a lot of resources. First of all, it is people employed, thus forming the personnel in each company’s department. Second of all, that is technological base. Third of all, inputs into the research field. Fourth of all, it is the company budget that forms the condition for the company’s development and all its constituents’ improvement.   Thus we deal with the mutual interconnection and interdependence. Hence, it’s hard to imagine each sector of the company’s arrangement to do without a human resource as a ‘fuel of production’ (Jeremy Gutsche. 2009, Sept. 23). The extant to which a separate staff member and the whole coherent team will be the contribution to the company de pends on the high quality of the functions performed. Therefore the human resources management (HRM) plays the role of an accelerator and intensifier of the employees’ potential leading to the prosperity of the company. Moreover, the HRM practices are supposed to be in compliance with the company’s rules and the main policy it pursues (Carter McNamara). So, the HRM is called for promoting the capabilities of each company’s member by means of special programs and training courses to reach the goals of a particular organization. Up to a point, we need to elucidate the whole HRM system’s mechanism. By means of being involved in the process of personal ‘upgrading’ each member acquires useful experience and enhances his or her own proficiency. But how can be a global challenge addressed? The answer is in the thoroughly elaborated HRM strategy that may be seen as follows. With the help of clever HRM each particular specialist in the sphere of his or her responsibility becomes not only aware of the technological novelties, progressive engineering, international economic and political situation, but also of how the acquired knowledge can be applied in the company’s specific sector. Thus, the technological challenge becomes not so irresistible and insurmountable with the highly qualified collaborative team of computer engineering workers, IT specialists who are always in the know of changes and are the first to develop new and new high tech ‘products’. The processes of globalization and integration embrace the international market as well. Contemporary situation in the global marketplace is that the customers’ demands are constantly rising, by this forcing the companies to always keep its head on a swivel not to let a client slip into another company’s hands. Thus we speak about the global competition scale. Giving the unceasingly changing global picture, arises the necessity of the company’s prompt operational response and reaction what increases the demand in HRM practices with the help of which the staff research the modern global tendencies to implement the information gathered and expand the horizon of the company’s activity and investment policy offshore. The HRM assists in overcoming the challenge of sustainability. Virtually, the very term sustainability presupposes to be able to endure, survive by reducing and eliminating negative influences. Due to the cooperative and joint efforts and powerful technological armory, awareness in the world processes the company’s business is sure to keep up with the time and secured against defeat in every day struggle for leadership and thus is able to demonstrate long-term performance and prosperity on the global market. HRM doesn’t stand still either. It introduces and encloses new approaches and methods to develop the resistance to negative and formidable global factors. The importance of such organization as the HRM is dramatically increasing, since its practices are directed to and focused on the company-bound policy and flexible, subtle and smart human resource coordination and monitoring by proving constant and systematic trainings. Not of the least is the strategy of the contemporary HRM that also realizes the role of technologies in making the administration performance not so time-consuming and the staff productivity more effective. On the whole, the human resources (HR) being an integral part of any organization, company, enterprise by means of skillful HRM are the driving power in counteracting the competitive challenges that may inflict damage not only on the company’s finances but also be menacing to the whole company’s organism.

William Rehnquist, Conservative Stalwart on the Supreme Court

William Rehnquist, Conservative Stalwart on the Supreme Court William Rehnquist was one of the most influential U.S. Supreme Court justices in modern history, a conservative stalwart who dissented with the majority jurists in the Roe v. Wade opinion legalizing abortion and who built a coalition on the bench who sought to limit the power of the federal government. Rehnquist, an appointee of Republican President Richard M. Nixon who was named chief justice by President Ronald Reagan, served 33 years on the high court before dying at age 80 in September 2005. Rehnquist was a Goldwater Republican whose passions were federalism - limiting congressional power and strengthening state powers - and expression of religion. He argued that just because an action is religiously motivated, does not make it consequence-free for society, and should not make it consequence-free, under societys laws. Rehnquist also voted consistently in support of the death penalty and in opposition to gay rights. He often wrote solo dissents in his early years on the bench. Rehnquist may best be remembered for the 5-4 decision in the 2000 presidential election that stopped the Florida recount and propelled George W. Bush into the White House. He was only the second chief justice to preside over presidential impeachment hearings. Heres a look at Rehnquists biggest opinions on the Supreme Court. Roe v. Wade The courts majority held in 1974 that a woman, with her doctor, could choose abortion in earlier months of pregnancy without legal restriction, based primarily on the right to privacy. Rehnquist wrote  the dissent, in which he noted: I have difficulty in concluding, as the Court does, that the right of privacy is involved in this case. National League of Cities v. Usery Rehnquist wrote the majority opinion in 1976, which invalided federal minimum wage requirements for local and state government employees. This case highlighted the 10th Amendment, which reserves for the states powers not explicitly enumerated elsewhere in the Constitution; this Amendment is the foundation for the states rights movement. Wallace v. Jaffree This 1985 court decision invalided an Alabama law providing a moment for silent prayer in public schools. Rehnquist dissented, contending that the belief that the founders intended to erect a wall of separation between church and state was misguided. Texas v Johnson This 1989 case found flag-burning to be a protected form of political speech under the First Amendment. Rehnquist wrote one of two dissents in this 5-4 decision, saying that the flag is the visible symbol embodying our Nation ... not simply another idea or point of view competing in the marketplace of ideas. United States v. Lopez   Rehnquist wrote the majority opinion in this 1995 case, which declared unconstitutional the Gun Free School Zones Act of 1990. The act gave schools a 1,000-foot gun-free perimeter. Rehnquists ruling states that Congress can regulate only commerce - its channels and instruments as well as substantive actions. Kelo v New London In this controversial 2005 decision, the court expanded the power of the Fifth Amendment, saying that local governments may take property for private use because, in this case, there was a plan that promised jobs and revenue. Sandra Day OConnor wrote for the minority, which included Rehnquist: Under the banner of economic development, all private property is now vulnerable to being taken and transferred to another private owner, so long as it might be upgraded - i.e., given to an owner who will use it in a way that the legislature deems more beneficial to the public - in the process.

Pick an environmental issue and analyse that issue from within the Research Paper

Pick an environmental issue and analyse that issue from within the framework of at least two of the discourses of environmental - Research Paper Example ound environmental governance. Given the threats of environmental degradation and their potential risks to the survival of mankind, the need for sound governance of the environment is urgent. Cole and Foster reported that â€Å"many observers point to protests by African Americans against a toxic dump in Warren Country, North Carolina, in 1982, as the beginning of the movement.†6 By the word â€Å"movement,† Cole and Foster were referring to the Environmental Justice Movement. Most likely the report is inaccurate because peoples all of the world probably have their own respective histories of struggles for environment justice. Most important, peoples all over the world have their own respective movements for a green economy and society. For example, several authors have been claiming that indigenous peoples have visions of societies that are one with nature, societies that are environment-friendly, societies that are green. Environmental racism, of course, is a valid co ncern. Cole and Foster have an ample discussion on this point.7 For example, one of the Cole and Foster’s most important discussions on environmental racism revolved on the experience of Chester residents along Delaware River in Philadelphia. In the Cole and Foster narrative, â€Å"Chester is a small enclave of people of color within the predominantly white Delaware County.† 8 According to Cole and Foster, the â€Å"toxic assault† on the people of color of Chester began in the late 1980s in which â€Å"hundreds of truckloads of trash† were being brought to Chester every day.9 In many parts of the world today, a similar situation has been happening. Yet, the victims have been irrespective of color. The common denominator on why many people are living close or within the garbage dumps is that they are poor rather than the color of their skin. Thus, following the Cole and Foster logic and analysis, the participation of people irrespective of their economic s tatus in life in environmental governance is a crucial element towards the realization of Environmental Justice. II. Green Economy It should be emphasized that the assaults that the Cole and Foster struggles have occurred because governance has not been green in the first place. If governance has been green, the issue of environmental justice may not have existed in the first place. Thus, the title of the book Van Jones (with Ariane Conrad) had been appropriately titled, The Green Collar Economy: How One Solution Can Fix Our Two Biggest Problems. If an economy is green then there will be no environmental injustice in the first place. There would be no one from which to exact environmental retribution or justice

Carmax System in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Carmax System in China - Essay Example The company expects to open five new stores in 2012 in the U.S market, with a total of 103 used car stores across U.S by the end of 2011, making CarMax the largest used car company in the U.S. The online market is the most active market, with more than 75% of used car customers in the country visiting the company’s websites, or buying their cars online (CarMax, 2011). The company has an integrated RFID system that tracks vehicles as an inventory management system; the system tracks vehicles throughout the purchase life; from the purchase, to reconditioning, test drives to the final sale (CarMax, 2011). The use of the Radio Frequency Identification ensures that all vehicles in the company are scanned accordingly, tracked to prevent any possible theft or losses in the process. The use of RFID makes each vehicle to be linked to sales consultant, and aids in tracking the market pricing in wholesale of vehicles. The use of the RFID technology is critical in ensuring the management has the required real time information concerning storage and transportation, inventory, pricing, vehicle transfers, auctions, productivity, credit process, information among other processes (CarMax, 2011). In addition to the above inventory management, the Electronic Repair Order System (ERO) is strategically used in reconditioning processes, and procedures in the company. The technology enhances quality, while reducing costs, which are then transferred to the customer as enhanced services and profitability (CarMax, 2011). The above information technology in inventory tracking, and in managing the repair works ensure that the company has a competitive advantage over other second hand car dealers in U.S. CarMax in United States market is highly developed with leading technologies in inventory and repair process. This is due to the high volume of cars handed by the company annually, with large auction stores; about 103 stores across the U.S. CarMax Co. Ltd is a car accessory distribu tor for Hotai Motor Co. Ltd, a Taiwan based distributor of Japanese car maker, Toyota (CNA, 2011). The company started its operations in China in March 2011, by initiating two branches dealing with used cars, and car systems. According to Hotai, used car market in china is still at its infancy as at 2011, but with a great growth potential expected. In China, the total car sales are about 20 million units, compared to the 300,000 units sold annually in Taiwan (CNA, 2011). Currently, the high sales volume of used cars in China portrays a rapid increase in the used cars market that will certainly surpass the purchase of new cars in the near future. A Study report conducted by Arthur D. Little, a world renown management consulting firm, indicates the annual sales volume of used cars in China will surpass the sales of new cars, by the year 2020 (Tong, 2011). The compound annual growth of used cars in China between 2006 and 2012 was about 25%, and predicted to grow at much higher rates in the future. However, the Chinese used car market is on the budding stage, with more Chinese realizing a fertile market in used cars, boosted by increasing business in rental cars. The standard of used cars will mature with time, and the ratio of used cars to new cars expected to be more than 1 in the near future (Tong, 2011). Therefore, CarMax looks forward for a booming business in used car market in China in the near future. The improving used car market has led CarMax to open two new branches in China; in preparation for the expected high demand of used cars in future. China has become the world leading market for RFID by value. For example, in 2008 the East Asia countries bought an equivalent of about $2.8 billion of the $5.29 worth of RFID spent globally. China alone spent $1.96 billion to

Project on Commercial Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Project on Commercial - Research Paper Example It carries shorter repayment dates than bonds and is usually sold at a discount from face value. Interest increases with the increase in the maturity of the promissory note. However, it is notable that interest rates fluctuate at market conditions given that it is these conditions that dictate the interest rates at any moment. Basically, the interest rates are lower than bank rates making it easier for the corporation to pay at better rates. A major benefit of Commercial Paper  is that it  does not need to be registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission  (SEC) as long as it matures before 270 days, making it a  very cost-effective means  of financing. The proceeds from this type of financing can only be used on current assets (inventories) and are not allowed to be used on fixed assets, such as a new plant, without SEC involvement. That is why, if the funding meets the above qualifications, it can be issued without the involvement of the Federal Government regulat ion (Stephen, 127). For the most part, Commercial Paper is a very safe investment since the financial situation of a company can easily be predicted over a few months. Furthermore, only companies with high  credit ratings and credit worthiness have the capacity to issue Commercial Paper. Commercial Paper is usually issued  in denominations of either a hundred thousand dollars or more. Therefore, smaller investors only invest indirectly in Commercial Paper through money market funds. This makes business growth to be predetermined by the type of business that one owns. The more stable the credit status, the higher the chance that the company or premise will acquire a business loan from the bank. Discount rates offered have been found to be very diverse depending on the type of data that and transaction being carried out. There are different ways in which the company can trade in the Commercial Paper. There is the

Green supply chain management and logistics

Green supply chain management and logistics It has been rising in alertness of the surrounds in the last little decades. Other persons are attentive of the worlds environmental attempt such as overall temperate, poisonous import meeting, and falling in non-replenish property. The management has out movement to carry this problem to people. A number of organization react to this by relate green values to their rumba company, such as using green friendly raw material, reducing the usage of gasoline power, and using the recycle allow for covering. The green principle was complete to much section within society, including supply chain. Green supply chain management (GSCM) was rising in the last little period. This idea covers every stage in industrialized from the first to the last step of life cycle, i.e. starting product plan to recycle. Not just manufacturing, but GSCM can also be used to other business sector such as management, culture and services. The reason of this file was to describe the crash of green to the supply chain management. It started with the meaning of GSCM to the company in different levels or what factor that power the company to agree the GSCM. This factor can be regard as by different drive such as management, whole market, industry, competitor, and inside the company. Since GSCM can be convenient to a variety of areas within the company, this paper also talks about the performance of GSCM to several areas. In addition, some examples of GSCM submission were recognized to support the commencement. Introduction At the current time, many companies have in progress to accept main attempt just before launch Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) initiatives (Srivastava, 2008; Zhu et al., 2007). The concept of GSCM include green initiative in inbound logistics which counting green purchasing, eco-design, production, outbound logistics which counting reverse logistics. These initiatives engage supplies suppliers, service supplier, vendor, distributors and end users that successful mutually to decrease or get rid of poor green impact of their concert (Vachon and Klassen, 2006). The logistics industry manages the flows of goods, services and in order across consumers and supplier allowing the incorporation of supply chains in which victory in incorporate worldwide supply chains starts with the capacity of firm to move goods across boundaries swiftly, regularly and sensibly. An aggressive and capable logistics sector is central for all economy and is a vital element of do business. So, logistics management plays an important role in GSCM. This is support by Skjoett-Larsen in which he claim that with the fast development of the GSCM, the sense of green organization for the logistics industry has greater than before very much. then, the review done by Capgemini Press discharge show that the greening of the supply chain will have an increasing speak to on in logistics presentation such as network plan, transfer modes used, warehousing, collection of paraphernalia, business process, behaviours and sense of balance. so far, few company swiftness green ability as a make a choice part when choose 3rd celebrations Logistics (3PL) partner in which 46% of respondents thought that the result of supply chain operation on the surroundings was a issue alert when select 3PL (Capgemini Press Release). In order to take produce and services to consumers more environmentally, so, logistics service donor need to talk to extra care on green issue (Murphy and Poist, 2003; Sarkis et al., 2004). For example, United Parcel Service (UPS), a universal logistics service supplier uses route development software and an internet related organization in their logistics service procedure to reduce the release of greenhouse gas as well as to keep oil expenditure (Lin and Ho, 2008). incorporate green innovation into logistics armed is good-looking a significant issue for the logistic urban. Examples of Green Logistics Green transportation: The green transport refers to build up a type of oil with the smallest total pollution as the power to try to put into rehearsal the multi-transportation and part mode. Accurately, repair up the transport can in this way think the litter, inferior the price and lift the part level. Green storage: The green storage space refers to endorsement the urban development in the extension of goods-storing to keep the manpower fee, functioning the environmentally friendly goods to sterilize the storage space goods, receipt the process of centralized-stock to reduce the radicalization to the vicinity and reduce the poor result of the warehousing on the rest. Green packing: The green pack up refers to a type of product pack up that will not cause the green litter. The pack equipment should save the property and decrease the packing dismiss also, it is believed to be used and renew after use as well as live in little ground while bury in tell to be rotten only. Reverse logistics: The reverse logistics is dissimilar to the recognized supply chain, it assign to practically removal or recuperating the price by growth, managing and dominant the raw material, centre stock, final goods and relative in order starting customer put to start directly. Green innovation: The green development refers to recital the improvement such as information and statement knowledge, natural knowledge, monitor technology and a combination of correct technologies in the succession of logistics management. The request of the greater innovation enables the project to get better green management, strongly. However, about to Lin et al. (2009), green innovation is the build up more linked technology with study innovative knowledge by training and educating the employees to suit knowledge employees. These learn but, will only talk to the subject of green innovation in logistics as a centre of this study. It is plan that a green improvement in logistics is a excellent area of study and apply that have the promising to provide imperative income to the firm and the culture. Factors influencing to Introduce Green Supply Management Rapid changes in the business situation, including increased internationalisation and worldwide competition, but also social and environmental trends, such as climate change, population growth and aging, wealth accumulation and distribution, nutrition, health and education, affect companies supply chains in various ways, resulting in new and evolving desires on supply chain design. famous features of chief green supply chains comprise an accent on life cycle appraisal, asset competence, and waste reduction and service innovation and recycling. execute successfully, GrSCM stimulates product and service innovation, improve asset deployment, and deepens customer relationships and service levels through a shared focus on reducing misuse and price. Some examples to show the impact on supply chains Wal-Mart, which in 2005 launch a sweeping business sustainability strategy, recently set the goal of a 5% decrease in packaging by 2013. The retail giant expect the cut in packaging will save 667,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide from incoming the impression. Moreover, the company anticipate $3.4 billion in direct savings and roughly $11 billion in savings diagonally the supply chain; Nestlà © employs an ongoing, company-wide sustainability program that has generate significant environmental and financial profit. The company has apply the plan to its use of product packaging by initiate an incorporated advance that favours source decrease, re-use, recycling, and energy recovery. In exacting, the companys packaging material savings between 1991 and 2006 led to $510 million in savings, worldwide, according to Nestlà ©s corporate website; Heineken committed to reduce fuel and electricity use through its Aware of Energy program. The company said in its 2006 sustainability story that it designed to reduce fuel and electricity costs by 15% between 2002 and 2010. At the time of the Diamond report, Heineken had achieved savings of 6%-even after the achievement of new breweries. Benefit of GSCM Speaking of greening the supply chain, one might think only banning toxic chemical matter usages or reducing release or waste to the situation. However, it is much more than just a plain reducing usage and litter. Accordingly, the profits are not limited only less poisonous consuming or less waste. The GSCM principle can be apply to all departments in the organization. The effect of GSCM expand to all area, both physically and imperceptibly. Some studies mention benefits of adopt GSCM, such as (Stevels, 2002). He established the benefits of GSCM to dissimilar roles of supply chain including environment and society in terms of different categories: material, immaterial, and sensation. For material, GSCM helps lower environmental load for environment, minor cost prices for supplier, lower cost for producer, lower cost of rights for customer, and less consumption of income for society. In terms of irrelevant, GSCM helps overcoming bigotry and doubt for environment, less rejects for supplier, easier to manufacture for producer, expediency and fun for customer, and better agreement for society. For passion, GSCM helps motivation of stakeholder for environment, better figure for supplier and producer, feel good and quality of life for customer, and make industry on the right path for society. He also provides example of company that were successfully adopt GSCM. In (Duber-Smith, 2005), he identified ten reasons that the company should accept the green: aim marketing, sustainability of resources, lowered costs/increased efficiency, product demarcation and competitive benefit, reasonable and supply chain pressures, adapt to directive and reducing risk, brand character, return on asset, employee morale, and the moral necessary. Implementation of Green From product lifecycle idea, the cycle starts at the conniving of product. According to (Srivastara, 2007), literatures connected to green design underline both environmentally mindful design and life cycle assessment. In designing a product, the designing team can alter the raw materials or substances used in the manufacturing to be less poisonous, more environmental gracious. Some terminologies are related to design for green such as design for environment or EcoDesign. An paradigm of green product is cross car. Due to the rising demand and falling amount of fuel, automobile manufacturers needed to redesign the engine that consumes no or less gas. Hybrid car has been initial from day to day. One article about automobile design is (McAuley, 2003), he discuss the green design of automobile, which tend to change to higher lightweight materials and less materials in vehicle design. In designing a product, the manufacturing company needs a high level of support with their suppliers. An example for the research on supplier-manufacturer cooperation in EcoDesign is (Stevels, 2002). He also offered two examples of successful green supply programme between manufacturer and suppliers. In manufacturing process, the company can be relevant green by several methods to reduce the energy and resource expenditure. This is where recycle and recycling are referred. Several papers provided green practices such as (Duber-Smith, 2005). He suggested some practices including reducing energy use, recycle and reuse, using environmental and harmless materials, minimize harmful emission, and minimize or remove waste. In a Chinese sugar manufacturer, Guitang Group can reduce the wastes and improve their financial performance by using waste from the upstream as raw materials for downstream production (Zhu Cote, integrate Green Supply Chain into An developing Eco-Industril Development: A Case Study of the Guitang Group, 2004). Further than design and manufacturing, other department in an organization are concerned with the green. Purchasing could become an main agent for change regarding ecological initiatives in the supply chain (Preuss, 2001). In (Walton, 1998) article, he conducted a qualitative study to survey the main areas for change to increase purchasings impact on situation. As mentioned prior, not only manufacturer, other supply chain roles got impact from GSCM also. For a largest dealer in the U.S., Wal-Mart has an interesting story of adopting GSCM to their organization. In October 2005, Wal-Mart CEO committed the company to 3 goals: to be supplied 100% by renewable energy; to make zero waste; and to sell products that maintain Wal-Marts resources and the situation, and Wal-Mart was launching a business sustainability strategy to considerably reduce the companys impact on the global environment and become the most competitive and innovative company in the world (Plambeck, 2007). In this study, she provide 8 practices occupied with 14 network partner. Barriers of Applying GSCM In (Zhu Cote, Integrating Green Supply Chain into An Embryonic Eco-Industril Development: A Case Study of the Guitang Group, 2004), they studied the addition of green supply in sugar industry. They mention three barriers: maintaining close relations with their main suppliers, obtain a larger market share through opposition with other market share through opposition with other familial sugar refineries by improving product quality and reducing costs, and ensuring the sustainability of their operations including reducing the environmental impact. At the same times, there are some research studied barriers of applying GSCM from suppliers perception. An example of suppliers barrier is (Wycherley, 1999), he conducted a qualitative study on the suppliers barriers of GSCM performance for an environmental-friendly figure products like the Body Shop. Successful Stories Several studies were tentative study about a company succeed in apply GSCM, various in dissimilar industry such as electronics, automobile, furniture, and packaging. An example of Electronics Company is Advanced Micro plans. Advanced Micro Devices (AMD ) wanted to be renowned as a sustainable organization. They required to better mage the risk of a would-be supply chain and work jointly with suppliers to identify option materials and gear to reduce environmental impact. Moreover, they were drove by their customers, investor, and non-governmental organization groups superficially (Trowbridge, 2001). In packaging Industry, results from review showed that green supply chain practice were absolutely related to operational concert. Also, the green supply chain practices were moving the portion of resources amongst 3 types of environmental technologies: pollution anticipation, pollution manages, and management system (Vachon, 2003). Conclusion Studies stress the force on supply chain design to supply products that are environmentally friendly in their source, production, release, usage and disposal. Not just for advertising purposes or green washing. While companies sometimes limit innovation to remote flagship products, benefit their reputation by association, the real brave is to normal them across active product range. Greening the supply chain is an industry issue that will only gain substance over the years to come. Utilising network design, optimisation and planning systems, which include, for instance, carbon footprint consideration, but also source, procurement and end-of-life, will therefore be a vital collaborator in greening the supply chain and provide supply chain executive with a transparent view of the whole supply chain. Although sustainability programs may vary by industry, the essential needs for intelligibility, communication and association are alike.